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The ''Petropavlovsk'' class, sometimes referred to as the ''Poltava'' class, was a class of three pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy during the 1890s. They were transferred to the Pacific Squadron upon completion and based at Port Arthur before the start of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. All three ships participated in the Battle of Port Arthur on the second day of the war. sank two months after the war began after striking one or more mines laid by the Japanese. The remaining two ships participated in the Battle of the Yellow Sea in August 1904 and were sunk or scuttled during the final stages of the Siege of Port Arthur. was salvaged after the Japanese captured Port Arthur and incorporated into the Imperial Japanese Navy. The ship, renamed ''Tango'' in Japanese service, participated in the Battle of Tsingtao in late 1914, during World War I. She was sold back to the Russians in 1916 and renamed ''Chesma'' as her original name was in use by another battleship. The ship became the flagship of the Russian Arctic Flotilla in 1917 and her crew supported the Bolsheviks later that year. She was seized by the British in early 1918 when they intervened in the Russian Civil War, abandoned by them when they withdrew and scrapped by the Soviets in 1924. == Design and description == Design work for the ''Petropavlovsk'' class began as an enlarged and improved version of the battleship , but with her main armament of four guns mounted in barbettes. Based on experience with in which the casemate-mounted secondary armament could often not be worked in rough weather, the Naval Technical Committee adopted the layout of the American s with the secondary armament of guns mounted in turrets on the upper deck. Use of the lighter barbette mounting allowed for a flush-deck hull which gave the ship high freeboard. The class was designed with a displacement of , a full-length waterline armor belt, and the upper hull featured a modest amount of tumblehome. It was approved in January 1891. The design was intended to have a maximum speed of using forced draft, but model testing of the hull showed that it could only reach . Rather than delay construction by redesigning the hull to reach the desired speed, the navy accepted the slower speed. Development of the quick-firing gun meant that an upper belt of armor was necessary and the weight required was gained by shortening the waterline armor belt, which left the ships' ends protected only by the sloping armor deck. Other changes included the replacement of the barbettes with turrets of the same type as used in the battleship and the substitution of quick-firing guns for the original eight-inch guns. This saved enough weight that four additional six-inch guns could be added. The ''Petropavlovsk''-class ships were long overall, had a beam of and a draft of . Designed to displace , they were overweight and actually displaced . The ships were the first flush-decked battleships built for the Navy. They had a partial double bottom and the hull was divided by 10 watertight transverse bulkheads; a centerline bulkhead divided the machinery spaces. The upper part of the hull between the main and upper decks curved inwards (tumblehome), although the tumblehome on these ships was much less pronounced than that found on French battleships of the time, which began curving inwards at the waterline. They had a designed metacentric height of and were good seagoing ships. Their crew consisted of 26–27 officers and 605–25 enlisted men; ''Petropavlovsk'' had a crew of 750 when serving as a flagship. The ships were powered by two vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one propeller, using steam generated by 14 cylindrical boilers at a working pressure of . Unlike her sisters, ''Sevastopol'' had 16 boilers. The engines were rated at and designed to reach a top speed of 16 knots. The machinery for ''Poltava'' and ''Petropavlovsk'' was ordered from British companies and slightly exceeded their specifications; the ships reached maximum speed of from , respectively, during their sea trials. ''Sevastopol'', using domestically built machinery, only reached a speed of from , despite the extra boilers, but the Naval Ministry chose not to exercise the penalty provisions of the contract for failing to attain the design speed because it had specified the machinery to be used. They carried a maximum of of coal which allowed them to steam for at a speed of . 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Petropavlovsk-class battleship」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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